Centos6.x 二进制安装Mariadb5.5.x 首先创建mysql用户,并设置mysql用户不能登陆 useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql -M 删除系统自带的mysql-server rpm -e mysql-server 解压二进制mariadb包，并把文件接到/usr/local/下 tar -xf mariadb-5.5.43-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 创建mysql目录软连接，方便系统调用 tar -xf mariadb-5.5.43-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 把所有mysql文件的属组属主改为root用户mysql组 chown -R root.mysql /usr/local/mysql/* 创建mysql数据库存放数据目录 mkdir -p /data/mysqldb 并授权数据库存放目录mysql用户mysql组 chown -R mysql. /data/mysqldb 进入mysql安装目录 cd /usr/local/mysql 查看数据库初始化命令帮助 scripts/mysql_install_db --help --basedir=path 软件安装目录 --datadir=path 数据库存放路径，也就是数据库要存放的地方，不是安装目录 --defaults-extra-file=name 额外的配置文件存放路径 --user=user_name 数据库运行用户是什么 数据库初始化，生成数据库文件 先进入mysql安装目录 cd /usr/local/mysql 再来初始化 scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldb/ 返回结果 WARNING: The host 'lnmp' could not be looked up with resolveip. This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible with this binary MariaDB version. The MariaDB daemon, mysqld, should work normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work. This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames when specifying MariaDB privileges ! Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mysqldb/' ... 200505 14:00:43 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.43-MariaDB) starting as process 3091 ... OK Filling help tables... 200505 14:00:44 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.43-MariaDB) starting as process 3098 ... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: './bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password' './bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h lnmp password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: './bin/mysql_secure_installation' which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the MySQL manual for more instructions. You can start the MariaDB daemon with: cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/mysqldb/' You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/. You can find additional information about the MySQL part at: http://dev.mysql.com Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from MariaDB Corporation Ab. You can contact us about this at sales@mariadb.com. Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort: http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project 结束 以上出现两个OK就说明成功了 看一下初始化以后数据库的存放路径下的文件 ls /data/mysqldb/ 返回结果 aria_log.00000001 aria_log_control mysql performance_schema test 复制启动脚本到/etc/init.d/下,方便启动使用 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 添加mariadb服务 chkconfig --add mysqld 设置mariadb开机自启动 chkconfig mysqld on 查看mysqld是否开机自启动 chkconfig --list mysqld mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 查看mariadb的配置文件 ls /usr/local/mysql/support-files/ binary-configure my-huge.cnf my-large.cnf my-small.cnf mysql-log-rotate SELinux magic my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-medium.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql.server 解释： my-small.cnf 最低配置要求，64M的内存就能运行起来 my-medium.cnf 中等的配置要求，256MB就能运行起来 my-large.cnf 一般配置，512MB内存就能运行 my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf 4G内存运行的配置文件 复制配置文件，并创建单独的存放配置文件的路径 创建目录 mkdir -p /etc/mysql/ 复制配置文件到/etc/mysql/下，根据自己实际环境的需求配置来复制文件 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf 修改配置文件 vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf 输入i进入编辑模式 要保存和退出 先按一下esc 退出编辑模式 再按shift+:(冒号)输入wq回车 w 保存 q 退出 强制退出是q!不会保存 在[mysqld]中添加参数 添加以下参数 datadir = /data/mysqldb innodb_file_per_table = on skip_name_resolve = on 原配置文件 [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 16M # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency = 8 修改过的 [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 16M # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency = 8 #这下面的是新添加的内容 datadir = /data/mysqldb innodb_file_per_table = on skip_name_resolve = on 配置文件解释 [mysqld] port = 3306 服务运行端口 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock 运行的sock接口 skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 16M # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency = 8 这个选项一般是你CPU核心数乘以2 启动mariadb服务 service start mysqld 停止mariadb服务 service stop mysqld 重启mariadb服务 service restart mysqld 进入数据库，命令交互接口 mysql 客户端 mysql mysqldump mysqladmin 服务端 mysqld_safe mysqld mysqld_multi 服务器监听的两种socket地址； ip socket 监听在tcp的3306端口，支持远程通信 unix socket 监听在sockt文件上，仅支持本地通讯 命令行交互式客户端程序:mysql mysql常用选项 -u 用户名 例子 mysql -uroot 默认为root -h 主机名或者主机IP 例子 mysql -h 10.0.0.31 -uroot -p123456 默认为localhost -p 用户密码 默认为空 例子 mysql -h 10.0.0.31 -uroot -p123456 注意：mysql用户账号由两部分组成，"USERNAME'@'host'"; 其中HOST用于限制此用户可通过哪些主机远程练级mysql服务； 支持使用通配符协议 %:匹配任意长度的任意字符； 172.16.0.0/24，172.16.%.% _:匹配任意单个字符； 安装初始化命令 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation 返回结果 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none):默认为空，直接回车就可，设置过密码就输入密码 你现在的管理员的密码是什么，这里说的管理的密码是mysql的root的管理员默认为空，直接回车就可以，如果有密码就输入密码就行了 OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n]y 问你是否给mysql的root设置密码想设置输入y，不想设置输入n New password: 输入第一遍密码 Re-enter new password: 再输入一遍密码 Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]y 问你是否删除匿名用户，这里选择y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] 问你是否禁用root远程登陆 ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]y 问你是否删除test数据库这里选择y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]y 是否刷新权限这里选择y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB 这样数据库初始化安全脚本就跑完了 设置密码以后的连接方式如下： mysql -uroot -p回车以后输入密码 例子： [root@lnmp mysql]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password 输入你设置的密码，如果没有设置直接用mysql回车就可以链接 mysql命令 客户端命令：本地执行 服务端命令：通过mysql协议发往服务器执行并取回 命令： status 可以显示mysql的版本号，链接方式等
