1.查看编译参数 postgres@postgresql-1:~$ pg_config 返回结果： pg_config pg_controldata BINDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/bin DOCDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/share/doc HTMLDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/share/doc INCLUDEDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/include PKGINCLUDEDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/include INCLUDEDIR-SERVER = /usr/local/pgsql/include/server LIBDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/lib PKGLIBDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/lib LOCALEDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/share/locale MANDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/share/man SHAREDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/share SYSCONFDIR = /usr/local/pgsql/etc PGXS = /usr/local/pgsql/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/pgxs.mk CONFIGURE = '--prefix=/usr/local/pgsql' CC = gcc CPPFLAGS = -D_GNU_SOURCE CFLAGS = -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wcast-function-type -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -Wno-format-truncation -Wno-stringop-truncation -O2 CFLAGS_SL = -fPIC LDFLAGS = -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/usr/local/pgsql/lib',--enable-new-dtags LDFLAGS_EX = LDFLAGS_SL = LIBS = -lpgcommon -lpgport -lz -lreadline -lm VERSION = PostgreSQL 14.2 2.pg_ctl 命令管理 PostgreSQL pg_ctl 是一个实用的命令行工具，有以下常见功能: 初始化 PostgreSQL 数据库实例 启动、终止或重启 PostgreSQL 数据库服务。 查看 PostgreSQL数据库服务的状态 让数据库实例重新读取配置文件。允许给一个指定的PostgreSQL进程发送信号 控制 standby 服务器为可读写 在 Windows平台下允许为数据库实例注册或取消一个系统服务 查看pg_ctl命令帮助信息 postgres@postgresql-1:~$ pg_ctl --help 返回结果： pg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server. Usage: pg_ctl init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o OPTIONS] pg_ctl start [-D DATADIR] [-l FILENAME] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] [-o OPTIONS] [-p PATH] [-c] pg_ctl stop [-D DATADIR] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] pg_ctl restart [-D DATADIR] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] [-o OPTIONS] [-c] pg_ctl reload [-D DATADIR] [-s] pg_ctl status [-D DATADIR] pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] pg_ctl logrotate [-D DATADIR] [-s] pg_ctl kill SIGNALNAME PID Common options: -D, --pgdata=DATADIR location of the database storage area -s, --silent only print errors, no informational messages -t, --timeout=SECS seconds to wait when using -w option -V, --version output version information, then exit -w, --wait wait until operation completes (default) -W, --no-wait do not wait until operation completes -?, --help show this help, then exit If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used. Options for start or restart: -c, --core-files allow postgres to produce core files -l, --log=FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME -o, --options=OPTIONS command line options to pass to postgres (PostgreSQL server executable) or initdb -p PATH-TO-POSTGRES normally not necessary Options for stop or restart: -m, --mode=MODE MODE can be "smart", "fast", or "immediate" Shutdown modes are: smart quit after all clients have disconnected fast quit directly, with proper shutdown (default) immediate quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart Allowed signal names for kill: ABRT HUP INT KILL QUIT TERM USR1 USR2 Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@lists.postgresql.org>. PostgreSQL home page: <https://www.postgresql.org/> 解释： pg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server 可以用pg_ctl启动停止等操作，例如pg_ctl start，pg_ctl stop pg_ctl init[db] 利用pg_ctl initdb命令初始化数据库 3.初始化实例,多实例 3.1先来给/pgsql/目录授权为postgres属主属组 root@postgresql-1:~# chown -R postgres.postgres /pgsql/ 3.2切换用户 root@postgresql-1:~# su - postgres 3.3停止掉原有的pgsql数据库实例 pg_ctl -D /pgsql/data stop 3.4初始化多实例，数据库实例的数据存放路径放在/pgsql/data2下 postgres@postgresql-1:~$ pg_ctl init -D /pgsql/data2 返回结果： The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. creating directory /pgsql/data2 ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default time zone ... Etc/UTC creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb. Success. You can now start the database server using: /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /pgsql/data2 -l logfile start 3.5修改新实例的端口为5433 postgres@postgresql-1:~$ echo "port = 5433" >> /pgsql/data2/postgresql.conf 3.6启动新实例和老实例 3.6.1启动新实例 postgres@postgresql-1:~$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /pgsql/data2 -l logfile start waiting for server to start.... done server started 3.6.2启动老实例 postgres@postgresql-1:~$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /pgsql/data -l logfile start waiting for server to start.... done server started 3.6.3查看端口，如果看到5432和5433说明两个实例都启动成功了 postgres@postgresql-1:~$ ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 244 127.0.0.1:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 244 127.0.0.1:5433 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 4096 127.0.0.53%lo:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* 3.6.4查看两个实例的状态 postgres@postgresql-1:~$ pg_ctl -D /pgsql/data status pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 1173) /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres "-D" "/pgsql/data" postgres@postgresql-1:~$ pg_ctl -D /pgsql/data2 status pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 1160) /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres "-D" "/pgsql/data2"
